Design Studio — Design a URL Shortener
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Requirements
Scale & non-functional
- 100M URLs created per day (≈ 1,160 writes/sec)
- 10:1 read-to-write ratio → 1B redirects/day ≈ 11,600 reads/sec
- 99.99% availability — a redirect failure is immediately user-visible
- Redirect latency < 20ms at p99
- URLs must remain accessible for at least 5 years
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