Design StudioDesign a Chat System
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Requirements

Scale & non-functional

  • 50B messages per day ≈ 580,000 messages/sec at peak
  • 500M daily active users, each with ~10 open connections
  • Message delivery latency < 100ms for online recipients
  • Messages must be durable — never lost after the server acknowledges receipt
  • 99.99% availability — users notice immediately if chat is down

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