System Design

Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling

CAP Theorem

Load Balancing

Caching Strategies

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

DNS & Domain Resolution

Latency vs Throughput

Database Sharding

Database Replication

SQL vs NoSQL

Consistent Hashing

Database Indexing

ACID vs BASE

Data Partitioning Strategies

REST vs gRPC

Message Queues

Event-Driven Architecture

Publish-Subscribe Pattern

Long Polling, WebSockets & SSE

API Design Best Practices

Circuit Breaker Pattern

Retry & Exponential Backoff

Idempotency

Rate Limiting

Failover & Redundancy

Health Checks & Heartbeats

Graceful Degradation

Microservices Architecture

CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation)

Event Sourcing

Saga Pattern

API Gateway

Service Discovery

Strangler Fig Pattern

Blob & Object Storage

Distributed File Systems

Data Lake vs Data Warehouse

Write-Ahead Log (WAL)

LSM-Tree vs B-Tree

Design: URL Shortener

Design: Chat System

Design: Notification Service

Design: News Feed

Design: Distributed Cache

Design: Rate Limiter

Logging Best Practices

Monitoring & Alerting

Distributed Tracing

Blue-Green & Canary Deployments

Chaos Engineering