Computer Networks

~8 marks

OSI model, data link protocols, IP routing, TCP/UDP, and application layer.

6 Topics

OSI Model & TCP/IP Stack

The OSI model provides a 7-layer reference framework; TCP/IP is the practical 4-layer implementation. GATE tests layer responsibilities, protocols at each layer, and encapsulation.

Easy12m

Data Link Layer — Framing, Error Control & MAC

The Data Link layer handles framing, error detection/correction, and media access control. GATE heavily tests sliding window protocols, CRC, and CSMA/CD.

Hard20m

Network Layer — IP, Subnetting & Routing

The Network layer handles logical addressing and packet routing. GATE tests IPv4 addressing, CIDR subnetting, routing algorithms (Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford), and distance vector vs link state protocols.

Medium20m

Transport Layer — TCP & UDP

TCP provides reliable, ordered, connection-oriented delivery. UDP is lightweight and connectionless. GATE tests TCP connection setup, flow control, congestion control, and segment format.

Hard20m

Transport Layer — TCP & UDP

TCP provides reliable, ordered, connection-oriented delivery. UDP provides fast, unreliable delivery. GATE tests TCP connection setup, flow control, congestion control, and segment structure.

Hard18m

Application Layer — DNS, HTTP & Email

The application layer provides user-facing network services. GATE tests DNS resolution, HTTP methods and headers, email protocols (SMTP/POP3/IMAP), and DHCP.

Easy15m